proved general rule, it is merely contra-factual, but being contra-factual does not entail that it is logically impossible to deny a general law of facts, or that its denial involves a formal contradiction. Furthermore, in some cases it might even be scientifically vitalizing to deny a general rule, since such a denial could be of help when establishing new rules that are better equipped to explain and describe facts that contradict old rules, explanations, and descriptions of reality. According to Hägerström, induction can only establish the probability that future perceptions will or will not give another result.283 Induction is based upon perceptions, which are apprehensions whose material content is directly located in the same spatial complex as the apprehensions themselves belong to.284 An induction is an apprehension containing that which is common to the preceding perceptions, and is therefore characterized by the facts that: Concepts therefore appear as if they are epistemologically preexistent, which entails that Hägerström is an epistemological realist. However, to categorize him as an epistemological realist in the metaphysical sense of the term would be contrary to the manner in which he theorizes that concepts are constructed as well as to be contrary to his general anti-metaphysics. One must note p a r t i 1 , c h a p t e r 4 132 4 . 2 . 3 induct ion: conclus ions 283 Hägerström, “Ett Hägerström brev,” pp. 88-89. 284 Hägerström, Selbstdarstellungen, p. 24. 285 Ibid., pp. 23-24. “Sie hat also ein allgemeines Zusammensein von Begriffen zum Inhalt, welche in vorher gegebenen Wahrnehmungen spezialisiert zusammen vorgekommen sind, und sie ist ebenso wie die Wahrnehmung unmittelbar für die Erfahrungswelt bestimmend. D.h. bei der Auffassung der Vorstellung wird ihr begrifflicher Inhalt unmittelbar in denselben räumlichen und zeitlichen Komplex verlegt wie die Vorstellung selbst, was hier in sich schließt, dass künftigeWahrnehmungen als damit übereinstimmenden Inhalt besitzend gefasst werden.”285
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