(hur it is Liisroinar\ to niaiicipatc liini to the same person), and lie afterward similarly manumits him vitidtcta again; and rhereh\' he re\ erts again into the potestas o\ the father. Fhe father maneipates him a third time either to the same or another person (hut it is eustomar\ to maneipate him to the same person) and Iw this mamipatio he eeases to he in the power of the /w/creven though he has not yet heen manumitted hut is in the position of a nuunipium. Bur, (if course, the person who reeeix ed him by nuunipatio for the third time would manumit the former son, who now became a pntcrhis own right. 'The interpretation of the Tivclvc I'/z/pIcx' provision as being restricted to sons, so that other descendants would he free from paternal power after one mancipation, is a minor example of ojiportunism intended to simplif\ the procedure. 'The second pragmatic use of the lu'clvc I'dhlc/ clause was to permit adoption of a person who w as in pdtrid potestds. (i'.i.i;4; Further, fathers eease to ha\e in their /w/e.rto.r those ehildren whom they gat e to others in adoption. In the ease of a son, if he is gi\ en in adoption, three maneiparions and two intenening manumissions are used, and the\’ are aeeomplished in the same wa\' as when a father is releasing him frompotestas in order to make himsni luris. Fhen either he is remaneipated to the father and it is from the father that the adopter elaims him as his son in front of the praetor, who, with the father making no counterclaim, adiudges the son to the claimant; or he is nor remancipated to the father hut the adopter claims him from the person with whom he is under the third mancipation. But remaneipation to the father is more coiuenient. I'or other descendants whether of the male or female se.\ one mancipation is enough and either rhe\ are or are not remancipated to the father. In the prov inces the same proceedings are used before the governor of the prov ince. We still hav e not finished w ith the opportunistic use made hv the Romans of the simple ceremonv' of mducipdtia. One further example mav he adduced, rhroughout the classical period,’’ a Roman woman w ho was siii iuris was suhiect to perpetual tutelage and required the 21 See, e.g., Buckland, Textbook, p. 165. 73
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