a book culture is also ordered according to materiality. However, there is also mention of a mezinhas51 book worth one hundredreais tobe donated to Fernão Gil, a barber in São João do Douro. In conclusion, the profile of the testator evidenced in our documentary collection can be summarised as mostly male and clerical during the 13th and 14th centuries. In the 15th century, almost all the testators were laypeople, and we see a growing presence of women. Up until the 15th century, there was a clear stability of ecclesiastics, predominantly members of the chapter. From that century onwards the scenario was completely different: from middle and high society, including citizens, merchants, sailors, knights, squires, and women who are possessors of vast patrimony, various people want to ensure the continuity of the administration and exploitation of their incomes, and act in accordance with their religious sentiments. As concerns the notarial formulae and clauses used in these testaments, we found a progressive simplification of them, particularly the invocation from the 1400’s onwards stabilised in a single form. On the other hand, there is a considerable variation in the forms of the commendation of the soul, revealing a certain individualisation in each testament, and also a more personal and devotional touch by the testator. We therefore understand the importance of these last wills and testaments as evidence of excellence in documentary memory, as an intrinsic characteristic of a society that was mostly illiterate. Writing is much more than a simple transcription or translation of reality; it is also a vehicle of memory. It imbues reality and durability upon transactions, ensuring their sustainability. It not only immortalizes the memory of individuals and facts, it guarantees their publication and dissemination, weaving a bond among people that transcends generations. 51 A type of folk medicine and healing. Conclusion ricardo seabra 531
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