35 Smith 2008, p. 295. Around the same period, this ‘mixed’ notarial script also started to occur in Hainaut. Van Camp 2011, passim. 36 Often the medieval archivist added a note on the reverse side of aninspeximus oronadocument that was confirmed by aninspeximus: (hecpro) transcribantur (‘(these things are) to be transcribed’) or transcriptum litterarum. Examples: Lille, ADN, B445/1194; B445/1195; B445/1196; B445/1209. 37 For Margaret’s act (February 1245), seeDiBeID27060. For the bishops’ inspeximus (March 1245), seeDiBeID35949(ad petitionem illustris domine Margarete comitisse Flandrie). For the inspeximus of the canons of Tournai, see DiBeID27059. 38 Lille, ADN, B448/5476 (October 1322): notarial act by Johannes Crabe from Thérouane, who had previously also authenticated the actual testament of Robert de Béthune. 39 Luykx 1946, pp. 345–348: the beneficiaries included the hospitals of Ypres, Bruges, Ghent, and Oudenaarde; the hospital and leprosery of Lille; the convent of Saint-Anthony in Paris; the abbey of Flines; and the chapter of Sint-Donatian in Bruges. SeeDiBeID19579, 19604, 19605, 19658, 27028 and 34410. thérèse de hemptinne & els de paermentier why, in this specific case, the bishop of Thérouane limits himself to a brief confirmation. Indeed, the testament of Robert de Béthune is the first document that took the form of a notarial act (by a notary from Thérouane) and is probably also one of the earliest documents to show the introduction of a notarial handwriting called ‘laMixte’ in Flanders.35 The use of aninspeximus to legally confirm the last will of a testator was not limited to the testament or codicil itself but also applied to charters that were issued in its execution.36 When Countess Margaret issued an act in which she allocated two amounts of 3,500 and 10,000 pounds that her sister Joan had bequeathed for alms and refunds to be taken from the comital receiver’s office (brevia) in Bruges and other places, it was confirmed not only by a sealed inspeximus by the bishops of Cambrai, Tournai, Arras, and Thérouane the following month but also by the canons of Tournai for the smaller amount, again at the explicit request of the countess.37Interestingly, from the early 1320s onwards,acts of testamentary executors seem preferably to have been authenticated by notaries.38 Besides the official testaments and codicils, their draft versions and confirmations throughinspeximus, the majority of testamentary dossiers naturally consisted of many other executive acts. To give just one example: Count Ferrand’s will bequeathed gifts to no fewer than ten religious and charitable institutions. Consequently, as legatees, these institutions all received separate charters to be kept in their private archives.39 457
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