marie bláhová who often held additional offices. These last wills include the testament of Solomon, the vicar of the Prague provost, and later of Bishop Tobias, dated 28 August 1275; the testament of John, the rector of Saint Giles Church in Prague, dated 17 February 1293; the testament of Bartholomew, the dean of the Vyšehrad Church in Prague, dated 1298; the testament of Vernher, a scholastic of the Prague church and Canon of Olomouc, dated 10 February 1305; and the testament of Vicar Ortolf from 1305. The testaments of the canons of Prague and Olomouc have mostly survived in their original versions. In the wills of the clergy at this time, elements of canon law already appear. These wills also did not require the sovereign’s confirmation.48 All of these testaments include the essential formulas about the healthy mind of the testator and the provisions of the testament’s executor. Unlike the testaments of the nobles, the clerical testaments do not always list the witnesses.49 Moreover, not all of the testators used their seals to confirm the document. Sometimes the will was sealed by members of the testator’s church, and in Olomouc, also by the bishop.50 The remaining testaments generally indicate the entire property of the testator. In particular, they list land in the countryside as well as municipal houses,51 usually large sums of money, household equipment, clothes, furs, bed linen, implements including valuable silver tableware, and books, although the last-named are surprisingly found only in some testaments.52 Fewer reports on testamentary practice are available from the towns of thePřemyslid period.53 Cities in Czech lands have been established since 313 48 Cf. Boháček 1975, pp. 101–102. 49 The witnesses are not mentioned in the wills of Bartholomew, dean of Vyšehrad, or Vernher, Canon of Olomouc and scholastic of Prague. Cf. Šebánek 1965, p. 295. 50 Cf. Šebánek 1965, p. 295. 51 Cf. Šebánek 1965, p. 295. 52 Cf. Šebánek 1965, p. 296. 53 Cf. Boháček 1975, p. 102; Borovský 2006, pp. 56–57. Testaments of the burghers
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