mark mersiowsky as well as appoints the the executors. A German translation was inserted by the same hand, but in a different script.52 The municipal repositories of the imperial cities usually contain copies of wills in various forms, now and then also copies, which were often made for unspecified purposes. In addition, there were certified copies in the form of avidimus provided with a credible seal, such as the will of Elisabeth Löw dated 23 January 1466, which was confirmed by the abbot of the Premonstratensian monastery of Weißenau.53 In Ulm, however, in addition to the municipal records, we can take a look at the archives of Ulm families, often so-called patricians. Here, in addition to copies,54 there are also drafts of wills, which can be identified as such by numerous deletions and additions. They are often several pages long and were created with ample margins for additions and corrections.55 Different hands were involved in these drafts, as can be seen particularly well in the example of the draft of the will of Tahis Ehinger in 1498. While formulary passages were inserted, another hand, which with its somewhat stiff and uncertain hand is perhaps that of the testator, clarified individual provisions and added details. A third, professional hand noted the corroboratio and the date, probably at the time when the legal act was performed.56 If one compares wills that are close in time paleographically, the scribal hands of different testators are the same.57 This 52 Stadtarchiv Ulm A 4615 Nr. 3: undated testament of Konrad Kraft in Latin. 53 Stadtarchiv Ulm A Urk. Veesenmeyer Nr. 360. 54 So for the foundation of the perpetual mass by Ludwig Kraft 1412, Stadtarchiv Ulm, A 4615, Nr. 4 in Latin and German; for the Baustetten parish rate Stadtarchiv Ulm, E Neithardt Akten Nr.211,early modern copies of the will of Ambrosius Neidhart 1472, another copy in Stadtarchiv Ulm, E Neithardt Akten Nr. 57 Nr. 2. 55 Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 von Stribel, Leonhard, 1494; Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 Stammler, Johann,1495; Stadtarchiv Ulm, A1056, testament of Magdalena Weickmann, widow of Conrad Gerst, 1495; Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 Braunwart, Agnes Nr. 1, 1495; Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 Schweyker (Schweigger), 1: testament of Anna Schweykerin 1495; Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 Märcklin (Mercklin), I: Ulrich, 1495; Stadtarchiv Ulm A 4615 Nr. 7: draft of the testaments of Ursula Krafft, 1497; Stadtarchiv Ulm, A 3691, Nr. 2: draft of the testaments of Mathis Ehinger, 1498; Stadtarchiv Ulm A 4615 Nr. 2: draft of Peter Krafft, undated, ebd. Nr. 9: draft of his will of 1502. 56 Stadtarchiv Ulm, A 3691, Nr. 2: draft of the will of Mathis Ehinger, 1498. 57 Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 Braunwart, Agnes Nr. 1, 1495; Stadtarchiv Ulm, G 2 Schweyker (Schweigger), 1: testament of Anna Schweykerin, both by one hand. A second hand wrote 31
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