marie bláhová 301 his article traces the origin and development of testaments from the beginnings of written culture in the Czech lands to the early 14th century, when they were already a common part of the legal system. During this period, the testament develops in the milieu of the emerging Bohemian nobility, which already has property that needs to be handled legally, and wants the legally guaranteed possibility to freely dispose of “its” property. This article focuses, on the one hand, on the relationship between a legal act and its registration; on the other hand, it traces the development of written records of a legal act, from the memorial record of oral declarations to the dispositive deed, and follows their authentication and the guarantee of compliance with their provisions (e.g., confirmation of the will in the sovereign’s deed, the sovereign’s seal attached to the will). The article also adds information about the origins of the wills of clerics, showing elements of canon law, and partly also of burgesses, whose wills are preserved in the Czech lands more often only from the middle of the 14th century. T Abstract
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