marju luts-sootak this background, it is no wonder that the drafts concerning the modernisation of court system and procedure prepared on the provincial level in 1860s, no longer found the approval of the Tsar. Rather, it was the general Russian court modernisation reform of 1864 that eventually reached the Baltic provinces in 1889. Although the regulations implemented in the end had a number of differences from the general ones passed in Russia,69 it was still the most decisive reform since 1630s. Its effects included state takeover of court authority, the separation of courts from police as well as administrative institutions, the homogenisation of court subordination70 and other principles also characteristic of the Swedish court system. However, it is clear that neither the Russian 1864 court reform nor the 1889 reform in the Baltic governorates no longer had the Swedish court system as their role model. The immediate Swedish heritage in the Livonian court system and procedure was decisively cut short with the reforming of courts administration and proceeding in 1889. Although it had seemed during the Great Northern War that the Swedish defeat in Livonia would prove fatal to the university, but did not endanger the Swedish-era courts, the subsequent historical development proved the opposite. The university lives on in Tartu as the Estonian national university, honoring its founders, general governor Johan Skytte and the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus with prominently-displayed monuments. However, the Dorpat High Court, established at the same time as the university, has in comparison been forgotten in Tartu – there is no sign of its existence at the place where it was situated in the downtown area. Only the historical and legal historical scholars remember the Swedish-type High Court in Livonia existing ca. 260 years, although the Swedish rule over Livonia lasted only ca. 80 years. 69 About the court reform in the Baltic provinces in general, see: Anepaio, Toomas 1997passim. 70 Particular attention to these factors as constitutional guarantees has been paid by Anepaio, Toomas 2005 passim. 237 2
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjYyNDk=