kjell å modéer dicial powers in Europe in the Early Modern Time. Together with Professor Remco van Rhee, Maastricht, he a few years ago edited the work on Royal Courts in Europe.18 The first session gave perspectives on international judicial models from Early modern to Modern times and discussedJudicial Models within the German Empire. In this session three legal scholars with deep scientific experience in the German Imperial Courts contributed. The two first papers were given by two of the leading representatives of the Imperial Chamber Court network, professor Peter Oestmann, University of Münster, and professor Anja Amend Traut, University of Würzburg, who both substantially have worked with the files of this court. Professor Peter Oestmann, who from his great publications is an expert regarding the forms of procedure in the Imperial Chamber Court, talked about The learned civil procedure at the Imperial Chamber Court and it’s weakness. Professor Oestmann’s talk was given spontaneously and is not included in this volume. In his talk, however, he linked to his impressive empirical research,19 and pointed out how the problems for the parties to receive a decision and especially to get it executed resulted not only in an increasingly weak authority for the court – but also that the parties preferred amicable agreements and settlements.20 Professor Amend-Traut in her paper dealt with the result of this lack of confidence in the Imperial Chamber Court and how it resulted in alternative initiatives from the parties: models of external conflict resolutions. Professor Amend-Traut wrote her “Habilitationsschrift” on a topic related to the empirical study of the practice of private law in the Imperial Chamber Court.21 She holds the current chair of the scientific board of the Society for Research on The Imperial Chamber Court (Gesellschaft für Reichskammergerichtsforschung). In her paper she focused on “ How legal actions can end – alternative forms of ending proceedings 18 Wijffels, Alain and C.H. van Rhee (eds.), 2013. 19 Oestmann, Peter, 2009. 20 This is a problem Oestmann has dealt with in several publications. E.g.: Oestmann, Peter, 2001, pp. 15–54. – Cfr. Rasche, Ulrich, 2015, pp. 199 ff. 21 Amend-Traut, Anja, 2009. 17
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