nostro and used his secretumbut not the great seal.1124 From 1451, there is a confirmation by King Charles Knutsson (Bonde) (r. 1448 –1457, 1464 – 1465 and 1467 –1470) of the judgement of a provincial court. The King’s secretumis attached.1125 These references are enough to conclude that judges used their personal seals in the Middle Ages. The King used his personal seal when he confirmed a judgement, preferably his his sigillum ad causas or secretumbut not the great seal of the realm. Sir Hilary Jenkinson has collected examples from different courts and authorities, and what is interesting is that minor differences could be made for different courts. Thus the Courts of King’s Bench and Common Pleas had their own seals from the mid-fourteenth century. Originally, there was a difference only in the legend, but later, about 1500, a difference was created in the supporters of the royal arms. The King’s Bench had a lion and agriffin as supporters, but the Court of Common Pleas had a lion and a greyhound.1126 The same difference was created in the seals of the King’s Bench and Court of Common Pleas for Ireland. This is an example of the fact that the same coat-of-arms could be differenced in details for different purposes. In Sweden, different seals for different authorities were not generally made until Charles XII (1682 – 1718, r. 1697-1718) gave an order to that effect in the early eighteenth century.1127 Even if the Collegium Medicum had its own seal in 1684,1128 it is clear that the seal of the Svea Court of Appeal does not have a connection with the general acquisition of seals for the different government boards (kollegier). Just as in England, the high courts of this time in the neighbouring countries seem to have used the royal coat-of-arms or some other royal symbol in their seals. A seal of the Grote Raad van Mechelen (Parlement de Malines) shows the enthroned Emperor Charles V(1500 –1558) with his coat-of-arms and the arms of several provinces on one side and the coatof-arms of the emperor on the other in an example from 1524. The design the svea court of appeal in the early modern period 376 1124 DS nos. 7054-7055, vol. VIII pp. 564-565; SDHK8578-8579. See Fleetwood, Harald 1942 pp. 60-65. 1125 SDHKno. 25839. See Fleetwood, Harald 1942 pp. 91-93. 1126 Jenkinson, Hilary 1935 pp. 299-303 and 321-323. 1127 Lindgren, Uno 1951 pp. 36-40. 1128 Scheffer, C. G. U. 1942 pp. 80-83.
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