the svea court of appeal in the early modern period 32 have probably been created so free from foreign influences as the Court of Appeal through the Ordinance of Judicial Procedure.”50 Some have seen the influence of the Parisianparlement51 or the Dutch courts,52 while others have considered the examples of the German Hofgerichte and the Reichskammergericht to have been especially important.53 Thus researchers are relatively unanimous about the great importance of the establishment of the courts of appeal as means of better enforcing the legal revolution. This largely corresponds with the results on research done on many other parts of late medieval and early modern Europe: the founding of superior courts and the establishment of a hierarchy of courts was an important feature of state formation and centralization.54 However, the success of the concentration of justice as a means of centralization of princely power usually required maintenance of the jurisdictional boundaries of the courts because otherwise the judicial hierarchy would have been eroded.55 In German lands, the latter half of the fifteenth and the early century saw a veritable string of Hofgerichtsordnungen heralding a phase of “determined centralization” and the “construction of central judicial institutions” in the new appeal style in the principalities.56 While it has been observed that the founding of theReichskammergericht, the Imperial Chamber Court of the Holy Roman Empire in 1495 served more to weaken imperial authority than to strengthen it, this was not the case for several German territorial states such as Hesse, or the Papal Rotain Rome, for example.57 The influence of the Reichskammergericht on other superior courts of Europe was to manifest itself in other ways; for example, it served as a model for later court ordinances, and indeed, both it and other courts mo50 Westman, Karl Gustaf 1934 p. 50: “Få institutioner torde ha tillskapats så fritt från utländsk påverkan som hovrätten genom rättegångsordinantian.” 51 For French influences, see Haralds, Hj. 1914 pp. 123-129; Haralds, Hj. 1927 pp. 35-37, 41, 44-45. 52 For possible Dutch influence, see Petrén, Sture 1945 p. 184. 53 E.g., Almquist, Jan Eric 1940 esp. pp. 475-476; Petrén, Sture 1964 pp. 22-24, 57-58. See also Pihlajamäki, Heikki 2004 pp. 269-272; Inger, Göran 1986 p. 117; Westman, Karl Gustaf 1934 p. 50. 54 E.g., Godfrey, A.M. 2009 pp. 444-449. 55 See, e.g., Kagan, Henry L. 1981 pp. 32-33. 56 Nehlsen-von Stryk, Karin 1997 pp. 147-148, 154-156: in the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurpfalz, 1462), Württenberg (1475), Rhineland-Palatinate (1476), Hesse (1500) and Baden (1509). 57 Nehlsen-von Stryk, Karin 1997 esp. pp. 147-157; Salonen, Kirsi 2012 esp. pp. 42-64.
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