from well-travelled – marianne vasara-aaltonen 315 had a doctorate of law914 and Pehr Liljensparre (1767 – 1795) was juris docens and adjunct in Uppsala. Three of the 1809 judges received honorary doctorates in 1818.915 While there is no information on most of the judges, it seems likely that many of them had read law, given the fact that the 1749 statute at least in principle required it, their careers were increasingly law-related and there was a distinct professionalization of the court taking place – features that will be discussed in the next section. Especially around the middle of the seventeenth century, studying abroad was very common, so it is interesting to have a closer look at the universities chosen. While there are several universities and countries which were visited by one or two of the judges, the top three were Leiden, Wittenberg and Strassburg with over five.916 Since Leiden was a very popular destination for Swedish (law) students, especially in the first half of the seventeenth century,917 it is no wonder that twelve Svea Court of Appeal judges had studied there. Seven of these twelve were judges in 1654, three in 1674 and two in 1714. The years in which they enrolled at Leiden University were 1622, 1637, 1639, 1641 (2), 1643, 1645, 1647, 1659, 1666, 1687 and 1694. These dates are not surprising given the close relationship between Sweden and the Netherlands. As well as political and economic connections, there were also lively academic contacts. The University of Leiden was also able to cater to the needs of the nobility.918 The friendly relations between the two countries are apparent, for example, in the way King Gustav II Adolf (r. 1611 –1632) was honoured at the University of Leiden after his death.919 Given that this was also a period at which a great many 914 Obtaining a doctorate in law at the University of Uppsala was very rare, and it is not until the early nineteenth century that they become more frequent. See Westman, Karl Gustaf 1929. 915 Anjou, A. 1899 pp. 52, 57; Westman, Karl Gustaf 1929 pp. 2, 7, 8. 916 All universities, towns, countries or regions mentioned: Rostock, Siena, Ingolstadt, Wittenberg, Jena, Leiden, Giessen, Strassburg, Regensburg, Padua, Bologna, Helmstedt, Tübingen, Leipzig, Greifswald, Oxford, Paris, Riga, Utrecht, Basel, Geneva, Venice, France, Holland, Italy, England, Germany, the Baltic and Europe. 917 See Niléhn, Lars 1983, pp. 161, 163; Nuorteva, Jussi 1997 pp. 390-408; Vasara, Marianne 2007 pp. 17, 28-31, 44-48. 918 See e.g., Kolbe, Laura 1998 pp. 90-102; Nuorteva, Jussi 1997 pp. 389-390; Wrangel, E. 1897; Losman, Arne 1983 p. 197; de Vrieze, F.S. 1975, p. 345. 919 A 440-page book was published in 1637 containing orations and other writings in honour of the late king; Gustavus Magnus […] 1637. Studies Abroad
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