summary ship in public and private international law in Uppsala. Because of this public law could focus on constitutional law and administrative law. Second, the government apparatus was growing in totalitarian systems: Soviet Communism, Italian Fascism, and German Nazism. However, this was also reflected in democratic states such as the United States’ New Deal and France’s Front Populaire as well as in Social Catholicism. Third, the professor in Uppsala was no longer the sole oracle of the subject, but other administrative law professorships in Sweden had stabilised too, with the long-standing postholders Nils Herlitz in Stockholm (19271955) and Robert Malmgren in Lund (1911-1943). If constitutional and administrative law had been equal in 1925, administrative law would have established itself ten years later as the most important subject in public law. In 1940 the Riksdag decided to change the title of professorships so that administrative law was placed before constitutional law with the intention of giving an indication that this subject was the most important one from a legal education perspective. It was stated that “the problems of constitutional law are often remote from lawyers.” Is this possibly illustrative of the position of the constitutional aspects in Sweden in the early summer of the ‘constitutional-less half century’? But, the issue involved not only ideologies but also clear recruitment problems, both in Uppsala and Lund. Nevertheless, it is still quite clear that the position of administrative law had been strengthened. This was manifest in many ways. Having their own journals became important both as a marker of professional identity and as an arena for information and knowledge exchange. Förvaltningsrättslig tidskrift (Administrative Law Journal) was started in 1938, and it was stated in the first issue that the journal had practical and theoretical ambitions but would ‘obviously’ not have any space for political standpoints, which might sound as an echo of the juristische Positivismus. The position of administrative law was also strengthened in the law faculties. Nils Herlitz was appointed professor of constitutional law, administrative law and public international law in Stockholm in 1927 (also political science up to 1935). Herlitz devoted significantly more interest to administrative law than his predecessor Varenius. He consistently 279
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