professorspolitik och samhällsförändring new functions within poor relief, public order and education to the municipalities (up to then the Church sub-districts). The municipalities were then viewed as a kind of semi-private association, where the inhabitants had influence in relation to their economic contribution (taxes). When the ‘working’ state allowed its public administration to grow, and citizens became more closely linked to the public sector, Swedish legal science was specialised through the academic lawyers tending to focus on defined fields of law. There had only been two professorships at the law faculties in Uppsala and Lund for many years. One of these was earmarked for economics, while the other had to take care of all of the other subjects. It was only in the mid-19th century that the State assumed a firmer grip on the universities, which was when the real history of Swedish administrative law began. A decision was made to provide a State appropriation for universities, and the Riksdag allocated funds in 1833 for a chair in Lund specialising in administrative law, primarily economics and revenue law. At the same time, Lars Georg Rabenius, professor in economics at Uppsala, published several books within the same field. His tradition passed on into the 1840s in Pehr Erik Bergfalk’s administrative law papers about taxes, vagrancy and civic administration. Bergfalk complained that the boundary between the administration of justice and public administration was unclear. Referring to the demand of citizens for legal security, the workload of the Government and ‘cultural advances’, he proposed in 1842 that the supreme review of administrative cases be transferred to a separate newly established court. He also wrote that the old and fragmented subject designations, such as ‘economic, public policy and order, or revenue cases’, should be gathered under the common heading of ‘administrative matters’ in line with French models. However, this was as far as his overall endeavour reached. Two new professorships were added to each of the law faculties in Uppsala and Lund in 1844, whereby they then had at least four ordinary ‘professor’s chairs’. One of them related to economics, the law of public administration with business law and finance law, which reflects the increasingly close link between law and economics. Another encompassed 268
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