summary dentiae, oeconamiae et commerciorum, thereby most closely relating to economics, which reflected the mercantilistic orientation of the age. At approximately the same time in Lund, David Nehrman analysed not only Swedish private law, criminal law and law of procedure, but also pleaded for Jurisprudentia oeconomia to become a subject that should be taught at the law faculties. Although Nehrman did not push to develop systematic or uniform terminology for the administrative rules, his lectures may be regarded, applying a positively inclined legal historical interpretation, as a model for the scientific analyses that would start in the next century. Sweden underwent radical change in the 19th century. Although Sweden was still a poor agrarian country at the beginning of the century, society would be influenced over the next 100 years by social, economic and demographic shifts, by population growth, proletarianism, and mass poverty as it moved towards the end of industrialisation and collectivisation. This pattern was common to the whole of Western Europe, when ‘the social issue’ was transformed into a ‘worker issue’, with a particular stress in Sweden during the decades around the turn of the 20th century. Sweden had lost Finland to Russia, deposed her King and introduced a new constitution (the Instrument of Government) in a matter of weeks already during the spring of 1809. In contrast to the earlier constitutions, public administration was side-lined and the fundamental principles established during the 17th century were not upset. The modifications that were nonetheless implemented were executed through partial ‘reforms’, and the use of law as a policy instrument increased significantly. This expansion was a factor behind the work of the Government being allocated to different ministries in 1840, which was instrumental in the Swedish public administration sliding towards a complicated field of public authorities, functions and forms of operation. The Four Estates of the Riksdag (Swedish Parliament) were replaced by abicameral Riksdag in 1866. Local administrative autonomy had been partially reorganised some years earlier, in 1862, when the State assigned 267 the 19th century
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