summary 361 way to reform was accessible. At the same time, the higher standard of living had consequences and the demands on the prison environment increased rapidly, concerning both treatment and physical conditions. There are three circumstances that explain this period of time. First, the conditions of the welfare state were developed primarily under a Social Democratic government, therefore the political means of the reform are studied through this party’s program. Legal political aspects concerning the offenders’ treatment and the conditions of the prisons are taken into account with the development of prison care. Secondly, areas connected with the biological inheritance were ranked in the ongoing campaign to raise the so called “human stock”, and prisoners were included as objects of these movements. Even if the sociological school dominated, influences from other penal theoretical views are obvious, such as the Italian school. Some connecting points between the prison care and the fields of criminal biology are shown. Thirdly, five prominent persons – influential on the reform process – are described in the study: Karl Schlyter,Olof Kinberg, Herman Lundborg, Else Kleen andVilhelm Lundstedt. Questions concerning prison care are affected by circumstances from international political processes.The climate in Swedish society was propitious during the time of reform, spared from the direct consequences ofWorldWars I and II. Demands regarding a higher basic standard of living were reflected on groups at the outskirts of society.The quality of prison care was determined by its cost and the Swedish economy model made it possible to begin to establish a prison for the welfare state. In many ways the standard of living in prison improved materially, in spite of overcrowded prisons and temporary colonies. In1944 the Social Democratic Labour party formulated the ideas for prison reform and the conditions for prisoners also became part of the discussion in class-conscious circles. In this study the purpose is to research the origin of the Prison Act of 1945, with focus on the ideology of the individual treatment model.This edition also addresses the impact of legislative work in what is illustra6 - 7 i nve st i gat i on of th e l e g i s lat i ve p roc e s s and th e p r i s on system study i i The treatment model on the table of the legislator
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