gave to the freeholders in Jämtland. In these cases, the gift in return was valued by way of fur taxes. On the other hand, where these gifts are concerned, the relationship between donor and recipient was not equal: the lord gave to the subject.There are thus examples of gifts in Jämtland where gifts in return were specified in economic terms; something that, according toWeber, can be interpreted as a market relation, since the incentive of both parties was valued. However, the transfer was carried out between unequal parties, which meant that the recipient (the freeholder) was in a state of dependence as regards the donor (the Crown), and it was the lord who dictated the conditions. Through the investigation, I have been able to show that the land was valued in monetary terms in relation to half of all sales during the 14th Century, both in Jämtland and in Finnveden. During the second half of the 15th Century the valuation in monetary terms increased markedly such that the total during the century was reported to be two thirds of the sales in both of the regions.The sales that lacked information about value during the investigated centuries comprised, above all, sales to relatives; a pattern that is recognised from investigations of other European regions. It is this type of result that leads to conclusions about the arbitrary nature of the transactions between relatives.Where no valuation is stated, there is usually no information provided about how the payment was arranged.The valuation and payment were coherent; an observation that also applies to other areas in Europe (Feller, Gramain andWeber). In Finnveden during the 1440s, when one began to state what gift was expected to be given to the recipient in terms of income (in the form of butter or the production of grain), the aim was presumably to be able to ask for more specific favours in return for the care one expected by way of his or her gift. I believe that I can go so far as to assert that the donors endeavoured to purchase themselves services, and the form of these purchases was gifts.The same type of income information exists in the sales confirmed in p a r t v i 1 285
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