In France, legal theory was largely unaffected by the developments leading to the downfall of the Law of Reason in Germany. These developments passed unnoticed insofar as French jurisprudence retained the 18th Century idea that the legislator was omnipotent being able to really institute natural law through legislation. The Code Civil serves as an illuminating example, as it was passed under the assumption that: Consequently, in France legal theory developed and maintained the doctrine that there existed no essential contradictions between natural law and positive law.169 Methodologically, the jurists of France became legal positivists, to be more exact statute positivists, of the so-called Ecole de l’exégèse. As will be demonstrated, the difference between the French and the German lines of development of the 19th Century was that French legal positivism developed not out of epistemological necessity, as in Germany, but as a matter of legislation in essence restricting the range of legal arguments of jurists to include only statute law.170 Outside France, the main philosophical arguments against the Law of Reason were formulated by Immanuel Kant, who underp a r t v i i , c h a p t e r 2 606 2 . 2 . 1 the french deve lopment : ecole de l ’ exégèse “… die Prinzipien des Naturrechts in der positiven Gesetzgebung verwirklicht worden; im besonderen Maße imCode civil 1804. Dieses Gesetz entspricht im vollen Umfange den Grundgedanken des 18. Jahrhunderts. Es gilt für alle Bürger ohne Ausnahme, verwirklicht also den Gedanken der Gleichheit. Es schützt die individuelle Freiheit, indem es dem Einzelnen die Instrumente für deren Gebrauch zurVerfügung stellt und es schützt das Eigentum.”168 168 Coing, Privatrecht 2, p. 29. 169 Ibid. 170 Ibid., pp. 29-39. 2 . 2 . 2 ge rman deve lopment : di e hi stori sche schule
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