novations of the Historical School helped to reform the study of law in Sweden in taking a modern direction, resulting in the abandonment of natural law as the paragon of legal science, as well as the transformation of legal education in the universities, into a legal education in law aimed at unifying theory and practice.157 In Sweden, the reformation of legal theory and legal education took place rather swiftly, resulting in the prompt dismissal of natural law theory in favor of the ideas of the Historical School of Jurisprudence.158 The most striking account of the acceptance of the Historical School’s methodology and legal theory is to be found in the testimony of Ivar Afzelius (18481921), professor of law, who once observed that the success of the Historical School’s methodology was total in Germany, which was a victory that eventually also traveled north, to Scandinavia, including Sweden.159 In short, the Scandinavian legal theorists subscribed to all that the Historical School delivered, formal and material novelties alike, such as: the notion of legal science; a formal system of law; the doctrine of sources; the doctrine of statute interpretation; as a ca l l f o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r i t y 603 157 Sandström, Die Herrschaft der Rechtswissenschaft, pp. 108-274; Björne, Den nordiska rättsvetenskapen 2, pp. 155-159 and 289-296. 158 The Swedish doctrine of the period proves the rather swift abandonment of natural law theory, and the subsequent adoption of positivism according to the Historical School. E.g., Delldén, “Studie-plan för den svenske juristen af C.O.D-n,” Juridskt Arkif (1831); Schlyter, Om laghistoriens studium, och dess förhållande till rättsvetenskapens öfriga delar: inledning till föreläsningar hållna vid Kongl. Universitetet i Upsala vårterminen 1835; Olivecrona, Om den juridiska undervisningen vid universitetet i Upsala och om den juridiska facultetens förflyttande till Stockholm; Nordling,“Om romerska rättens, juridiska encyclopediens och rättshistoriens betydelse för rätts-studiet,”Tidskrift för lagstiftning, lagskipning och förvaltning (Naumanns tidskrift) 4 (1867). See also Sundell, Tysk påverkan på svensk civilrättsdoktrin 1870-1914 - an account of the direct German impulses and influences on Swedish legal science; and Sandström, Die Herrschaft der Rechtswissenschaft - an accont of the transformation of legal education. 159 Afzelius, “Om föreläsningar vid universiteten i Tyskland, rättens och rättsvetenskapens närvarande ståndpunkt samt de juridiska studiernas bedrivande därstädes,”Tidskrift för lagstiftning, lagskipning och förvaltning (Naumanns tidskrift) 14 (1877): p. 732. See also, e.g., Hagerup, “Nogle ord,” pp. 1-26; Anners, Den europeiska rättens historia: några huvudlinjer, pp. 193-229; Sandström, Die Herrschaft der Rechtswissenschaft, passim; Björne, Den nordiska rättsvetenskapen2, pp. 229-248; Sandström, Rättsvetenskapens princip, passim.
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