the application of positive law. By thus defining the calling of legislation and legal science, Savigny paved the way for the development of a historical, non-transcendental theory of law. The actual German influences upon Scandinavian and Swedish legal theory and thought have a direct effect for the understanding of Hägerström’s legal theory and thought, because Hägerström, as has been noted, was: “Steeped in the Germanic tradition of jurisprudence and committed to an uncompromisingly scientific approach”154 - so that a proper understanding of Hägerström’s works necessitates that he is read in the light of the German tradition. An additional example of the difference in approach to legal theory between the (English) common law approach and the Scandinavian approach is provided by H. L. Hart who points out that the two share a profoundly pragmatic and anti-metaphysical attitude, albeit that Scandinavian legal theory simultaneously resembles philosophy more than legal theory.155 Taking into account the philosophical vantage point of the founder of the Uppsala School and Scandinavian realism this remark is hardly surprising. It is common knowledge that Swedish legal science and theory historically has closely followed German doctrine with regard to both material rules and method.156 This trend was particularly manifest during the 19th Century when the methodological inp a r t v i i , c h a p t e r 2 602 154 Pennock: p. 1027. 155 Hart, “Scandinavian Realism,” p. 233. 156 Anners, Den europeiska rättens historia: några huvudlinjer, vol. 1, pp. 166-188; Den europeiska rättens historia: några huvudlinjer, vol. 2, pp. 193-229; Björne, Nordisk rättskällelära: studier i rättskälleläran på 1800-talet, pp. 174-175,188-217; Den nordiska rättsvetenskapens historia. Patrioter och institutionalister: tiden före år 1815, vol. 1, pp. 236-252; Den nordiska rättsvetenskapen 2, pp. 229-433; Den nordiska rättsvetenskapen 3, pp. 208239 and 272-293; Häthén, Straffrättsvetenskap och kriminalpolitik: de europeiska straffteorierna och deras betydelse för svensk strafflagstiftning 1906-1931: tre studier, passim; Sandström, Die Herrschaft der Rechtswissenschaft, vol. 44, passim; Rättsvetenskapens princip, passim; Sundell, Tysk påverkan på svensk civilrättsdoktrin 1870-1914, passim. 2 . 1. 1. 1 German Influences on Scandinavian and Swedish Legal Theory
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