sanction on account of incurred guilt through some transgression or infringement of a norm. In private law, the opposite is the case, and it is definitely not the case in private proceedings in law, where the losing party becomes the subject of state sanctions and coercion even when there exists no penal guilt, no deliberate intent (dolus), and when liability is caused merely by culpa or casus.408 Under such conditions, a person may legally become the subject of a fully just act of coercion - which from the perspective of penal law is an unjust act, but which from the perspective of private law is fully just. This is what German legal scholars have called “schuldlose Unrecht.”409 Hägerström concludes, and argues, that the doctrines of illegality have confused the legal facts of penal and private law for one another. His critique of the imperative-theory demonstrates the invalidity of the theory’s anthropomorphic notion of the legal order as being a personage possessing an actual will, which reacts to each and every violation of his commands, or norms.The foundation of Hägerström’s critique is his observation that such a construction cannot stand in the face of facts.What actually remains, once every irrational explanation and element has been washed away, is an inherent trait involving the:“… transference of natural social feelings of revenge to the supernatural power which is held to be the ground of justice; although this power, as justice itself, is held to be the highest good of the community.”410 Unfortunately, modern jurisprudence is unaware that the genesis of its doctrines lies in the openly superstitious ideas of the p a r t v i , c h a p t e r 6 504 408 Hägerström, Objektiva rättens begrepp, pp. 138-154;“The Notion of Law,” pp. 222-240. 409 Hägerström,“Principundersökning,” pp. 223-224;“Fundamental Problems,” pp. 364366. 410 Hägerström, “Principundersökning,” p. 224; “Fundamental Problems,” pp. 365-366. Swedish: “… en överföring av naturliga sociala hämndkänslor på den övernaturliga makt, som tänkes vara grund för rätten, ehuruväl den såsom själva det rätta också skall vara det högsta goda för samhället.” 6 . 5. 4 the metaphys ical contaminat ion of mode rn juri sprudence
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