science’s unreflecting and uncritical application of a scientific methodology that makes no distinction between “Sein und Sollen”, and fact and fantasy, by means of which an evaluative justification of a fact is allowed to serve as a scientific explanation to the same or another fact. 1939 Hägerström wrote two articles inSvensk Juristtidning (SvJT) addressing two problems of penal jurisprudence, the first of a material nature, and the second of a formal or methodological nature. In the first article, “En straffrättslig principundersökning” (“On Fundamental Problems of Law,” English translation 1953), Hägerström once again analyzed the subject of illegality. In the second article,“Om svikligt förtigande såsom straffbart efter 22:1 SL”(SvJT1939),he analyzed the detrimental effects that constructive jurisprudence had on jurisprudence in general and penal jurisprudence in particular. Provided that one sets the moral dimension of the concept aside and focuses on actual reality, Hägerström concludes that the concept of illegality denotes: However, the prevailing doctrines of penal law construe illegality to be a substance of penal law and it constitutes a precondition to the actual penalization in the penal code itself, which a ca l l f o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r i t y 495 382 Hägerström, “Principundersökning,” p. 209; “Fundamental Problems,” p. 348. Swedish:“Intet annat än det förfarande - underlåtelse eller positivt handlande - som enligt de i en människogrupp i allmänhet faktiskt använda och oemotståndligt genomförda reglerna för tvångsövning föranleder viss tvångsreaktion. Rättsplikt är vid samma frågeställning intet annat än ett förfarande med motsatt karaktär.” 6 . 5 concluding remarks on the subj ect of i llegal i ty “Nothing else than the behaviour, whether it be omission or positive action, which calls forth a certain coercive action in accordance with the rules for coercion which are in general applied and irresistibly carried out as a matter of fact in a human community. Legal duty (legality), in the same context, is nothing else than behaviour with the opposite character.”382
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