become difficult to prove.This is because every proposition of fact, such as, for example the certainty that the principle of truth itself is valid, would have to be assumed to be true regardless of whether or not there existed any factual subjective awareness of the corresponding factual circumstance’s own reality, as one assumes that the truth value of a judgment is posited to hold true irrespective of whether or not the active subject is aware of the object of the judgment.51 However, this contradicts the Philosopher’s initial standpoint as it implies that subjective certainty itself is a superfluous criterium veri.Accordingly, the validity of subjective certainty itself can be cast in doubt,which in turn makes skepticism possible. The reason for the Philosopher’s ensuing epistemological skepticism is that the objective validity of empirical science is inaccessible to empirical methods, but if this is true, then not only is empirical knowledge affected negatively, but so are the very foundations of the Philosopher’s own line of argumentation - subjectivism. The Philosopher concludes that what is problematic is that any consciousness intended to form knowledge is a judgment over the thing as real (in one way or another), which in turn implies that the thing has its own reality, but that it is impossible (according to the Philosopher’s own subjectivism) to move from the perception or apprehension of the thing to the thing itself.52 The questions that must be answered are these: How does one proceed from subjective certainty to objective certainty? Is it possible to reach objectivity?53 The initial point of departure for philosophical skepticism is the assumption that it is impossible to bridge the gap between the assumption regarding the object’s own reality (and the object’s own determinations as objectively existent) and the factual circumstances themselves.54 For skeptip a r t i i i , c h a p t e r 2 184 51 Ibid., pp. pp. 45-46. 52 Ibid., pp. 46-47. 53 Ibid., p. 47. 54 Ibid., pp. 49 and 53-54.
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