of departure that bestow real, objective knowledge.292 This is Hägerström’s objectivism. According to Hägerström, induction constitutes a method, not a special form of perception.293 The difference between induction and perception is that the material content of an inductive inference consists of perceptions, having that which is common to the previous perceptions as its specific content,294 which is determined statistically, on account of its recurrence, and consequently possible to falsify if new observations contradict the conclusions drawn from previous observations.295 From the validity of statement A (above) we conclude: B. Inductive inferences are only statistically verifiable, not deductively verifiable. Induction thus only establishes a range of material truths, but not formal necessities.These truths nevertheless may constitute the premisses for deductive inferences regarding the structure and content of reality, but restricting the validity of the deduction to the factual truth of the inductive inference used to formulate the premiss for deductive inferences.Thus, deductions using facts as a premiss cannot surpass or disregard factual reality with regard to the validity of the deduction. If facts are falsified, then the deductive conclusion is automatically invalidated.296 The fact that induction only establishes probable truths does not constitute a contradiction with regard to the observed maa ca l l f o r s c i e n t i f i c p u r i t y 135 292 Hägerström, “ ‘Ein Stein, Ihr Herren, ist ein schlechtes Argument’,” Fönstret 1934. Cf. Hägerström, “Till frågan om begreppet gällande rätt,” review of Theorie der Rechtsquellen (Alf Ross), Tidsskrift for Retsvidenskap (TfR) 44 (1931): pp. 62-64 and 72-73. 293 Hägerström, Selbstdarstellungen, pp. 23-26; “Ett Hägerström brev,” pp. 88-89; “Relativitetsteori och kunskapsfilosofi,” pp. 203-207 and 212-213. 294 Hägerström, “Relativitetsteori och kunskapsfilosofi,” pp. 203-207 and 212-213. 295 Cf. Ibid., pp. 212-213. 296 Cf. Hägerström, “Ett Hägerström brev,” pp. 88-89. 4 . 2 . 5 b. induct ive infe rence s are only stat i st ically ve ri f iable, not deduct ive ly ve ri f iable
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