which were aimed at a particular result (locatio conductio operis).According toWindscheid, the chief rule concerning Dienstmiete was that the working party was obliged to fulfil “die versprochenen Dienste”, an expression which was later to be found in the German Civil Code’s (BGB) rules concerning contract of service, Dienstvertrag.161 Furthermore, the concept of “die versprochenen Dienste” is a cornerstone of the analysis made by the current German “herrschende Meinung”.162 This contractual approach no doubt marked a decided divergence from Savigny’s line. Nevertheless Windscheid reached a conclusion which was not far from Savigny’s namely that locatio conductio operarum, as well in its modern version, had the consequence that the paying party got a far-reaching and open-ended right to disposal of the working party’s services.163 The extracts we have taken from Savigny’s and Windscheid’s writings elucidate the complex character of the German legal science of the 19th century and how the discipline contained more nuances than is usually noted. On the one hand, a transfer has been shown, from a status doctrine to a theory of personal autonomy, at the same time as a strict distinction was developed between public law and private law. Both processes reflect the switch of the social structure from the estate society to the liberal, civil society.Another detail of the changing picture is that natural law to a large extent lost its influence as an openly used legal political argument.The scholars of the historical school have been praised (or blamed) for having abolished natural law thinking and paved the way for a distinction between public law and private law and the emancipation of the individual. p a r t 1 i i , c h a p t e r 3 80 161 Windscheid 1874-75, II, pp. 499-500. See also BGB, section 611:“Durch den Dienstvertrag wird derjenige, welcher Dienste zusagt, zur Leistung der versprochenen Dienste, der andere Teil zur Gewährung der vereinbarten Vergütung verpflichtet”. 162 Münchener Handbuch zum Arbeitsrecht, Band 1, 1992, pp. 745-747. 163 “Die Vermiethung der Dienste eines Fremden setzt die Befugniss voraus, über die Dienste desselben zu Gunsten Anderer zu verfügen.” Windscheid 1874-75, II, p. 491, fn 2.
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