Document name DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Organizadrai LUNDUNIVERSITY Departement of Theology Allhelgona Kyrkogata 8 S-223 63 Lund Date issue May 1996 CODEN: ISRN LUREDN/REI^H—1996/1017—SE+273 Sponsoring (x-ganization Authot(s) Martin Bergman Title and subtitle Dödsstraffet, kyrkan och staten i Sverige från 1700-tal till 1900-tal Abstract This is a study of change in ecclesiastical praxis and theological argument concerning the death penalty and the condemned in Sweden, seen in an international perspective and as a part of general change in the society. The execution gave an example of both crime and revenge and of repentance and the possibility of a pious death. This example through secularisation came under attack from two sides. Enlightened thinkers and modem critics of capital punishment rejected execution as not serving any purpose. Froma moralising conception of Christianity with its roots in enlightenment, it was questioned whether the criminal could possibly be converted in such short periods of time allowed. The converted sinner was no longer an ideal. Gradually the condemned as a concrete person becomes a problem. Therefore he is dehumanised - seen not as a person, but as a symbol. The decline of the example can be described as three phases. In the first the dying of the condemned acts as an example, while in the next phase his visible death is the example. In the modemexecution-culture, death poses a problem; the abstract death is the example. In part one debate, legislation and the application of law is considered. In the period up to 1809 a central question was if it was possible to disregard what was understood as God's command: that a murderer shall die. Gradually debate and praxis changed, and fromthe 1860's abolishment was a serious possibility and executions were few. Every execution emphasised the question as to what had hindered a pardon in this particular case and also if execution was justified. Part two considers ecclesiastical action. The widespred critique of the priest’s role, especially at the site of execution, is described. The priest's position with obligations towards the state, the church and the condemned also was an origin of conflicts. One problematic situation was when a higher court (normally the Crown) was to decide what to do with a condemned in a state of ”obvious spiritual anguish”. Lastly the church's actions around the condemned and at the site of execution is studied. Key words Capital punishment, pastoral care, legislation, condemned sermon, last communion, execution, dehumanisation, S.D.R.K. Olivecrona, Gustaf III Classification systemand/or index terms (ifany) Supplementary bibliographical information ISBN 91-85190-53-5 ISSN and key tide nFi34-?716 Price Recipient's notes Number ofpages XII+261 Security classificati<Mi Distribution by (name and address) Nerenius & Santerus Förlag AB, Stockholm, Sweden L the undersigned, being the copyright owner ofthe abstract of the above-mentioned dissertation, hereby grant toall reference sources permission to publishand disseminatethe abstract ofthe above-menticxied dissertation. 1996-04-16 Signature Date 7“
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