374 Zybin.^' The source materials do not indicate whether the bcrg-kollcgiia had an internal organization of chancelleries and offices similar to that of the Swedish bergskollegium. By 1721, the number of foreign members of the college board had increased to six."® After Bruce petitioned the Senate that same year, however, the board of the berg-kollegiia was reorganized and more Russians were appointed to it. At the end of 1722, the college board had ten members, of whomonly three were foreigners."” 2.1. The Instructions for the berg-kollegiia A set of instructions for the berg-kollegiia in the form of a so-called bergprivilegiia was approved in December 1719. This document has been referred to by N. I. Pavlenko as one of the Petrine government’s most important pieces of legislation in the field of economic policy. The fact is that the berg-privilegiia not only proclaimed the right to mine and refine ore and mineral deposits, but also guaranteed hereditary rights of ownership to the enterprises thus founded, and both of these principles were new to Russia.”” According to Pavlenko, the berg-privilegiia was not only important for the development of the mining industry in Russia, but its application led at the same time to a more pronounced capitalistic element in an otherwise feudal economy, since “it created the conditions for the broad attraction of private capital to the metallurgical industry; favorable conditions were created for drawing merchant capital into industrial production.” The berg-privilegiia was in effect until 1739, when it was replaced by the so-called berg-reglament. We know almost nothing about the genesis of the Russian berg-privilegiia. Pavel Miliukov claimed that it was drawn up on the basis of a draft written by the vice president of the college, Baron von Luberas, but he presented no convincing evidence to support this idea.®- N. I. Pavlenko dealt with the question of the provenance of this document and came to a different conclusion. He compared the berg-privilegiia not only with the proposal for instructions made by von Luberas, but also with a proposal written by the Saxon mines officer, Johann Bliiher. According to Pavlenko, von Luberas’ proposal reflected the principles of Swedish mining laws, while Bliiher’s portrayed conditions in Saxony. Furthermore, Pavlenko TsGADA, f. 248 delo 606 1. 215; delo 656 1. 344. 5* Regarding the foreigners serving in the berg- i nianufaktur-kollcgiia, sec TsGADA, f. 248 delo 654 11. Ill—112, and Baburin, 58. 5" Pavlenko (1953), 108. Pavlenko (1978), 51. Pavlenko (1953), 102. ®- Miliukov, 450.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjYyNDk=