325 Sixth and final edition'. II. 1. For completely satisfying all plaintiffs with a correct trial {pravyi sud) of their plaints {proshenie) (and) for just decisions {pravosudnoe reshenie) for them, courts and judges shall be set up everywhere in the gubernii, provinces, and towns (for which a regulation shall be published in the near future); 2. And over all of them a supreme court of appeals {vysshii nadvornyi sud) shall be established in the important gubernii, to which it is possible to appeal from the lower courts according to the regulation if a case is dealt with incorrectly or delayed {volochit' 2a srok). Fifth edition: II. 1. For completely satisfying all plaintiffs with a correct trial {pravyi sud) of their plaints {proshenie) (and) for just decisions {pravosudnoe reshenie) for them, courts and judges shall be set up everywhere in the gubernii, provinces, and towns {for which a regulation shall be published in the near future); 2. And over all of them a supreme court of appeals {vysshii nadvornyi sud) shall be established in the important gubernii. 3. (crossed out by the tsar) First edition: II. 1. For completely satisfying all plaintiffs with a correct trial {pravyi sud) of their plaints {proshenie) (and) for just decisions {pravosudnoe reshenie) for them, courts and judges shall be set up everywhere in the gubernii, provinces, and towns; 2. And over all of them a supreme court of appeals {vysshii nadvornyi sud). 3. And if in all of these places anyone’s case is dealt with incorrectly, his appeal {apeV) or pozyv in these matters shall be made from the provinces and towns to the head of the province {glava zemskii). We see here that, in the fifth edition, the tsar added that a “supreme court of appeals” was to be set up in the “important gubernii.” Pick’s proposal that courts of appeals be established in certain Russian provinces according to the Swedish model was thus included in the law, which thereby altered the position of the iustits-kollegiia in the Russian court system. In the original plan, the iustits-kollegiia had been equated with the Swedish courts of appeals; no courts had been proposed between the lower district and provincial courts, on the one hand, and the college, on the other, and it had been proposed that the latter should serve as a court of appeals for the entire realm. In the fifth edition of the ukaz text, however, a separate court of appeals was introduced in some of the gubernii, and the iustits-kollegiia was elevated to a position above, and independent of, the courts of appeals. Appeals against the decisions of the courts of appeals were to be made to the iustits-kollegiia. The following excerpts serve to illustrate this change: 88 Ibid., 372. 8^ Ibid., 375. 88 Ibid., 379.
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