320 author’s note), and that which a lantrikhter cannot conclude in his district is decided instead before an oberlantrikhter, and if anyone is not satisfied with his judgement, then he can appeal {appelevat\ chelobitie prinosit') to the highest court under which that province lies." In this memorandum, however. Pick had not provided any information about the nature and jurisdiction of the higher Swedish courts. Matveev’s proposal also shows that the college had not yet drafted any plans for an appeals court organization. As was the case in the tsar’s resolution cited above,'*- only one higher court, the iustits-kollegiia, is mentioned in this document. If one observes the fact that this college was originally intended as a counterpart to the Svea Court of Appeals, then this made sense, since there was no judicial instance between the provincial courts and the Swedish courts of appeals. However, we shall see how a system of courts of appeals (gofgerikhty) grew out of the planning process at the same time that the position of the iustits-kollegiia in the court system shifted in relation to its place in the orginal plan after the college received additional information about the Swedish court system from Heinrich Pick. Pinally, it was left to the Senate to determine whether the number of oberlantrikhtery proposed by the iustits-kollegiia should be increased or decreased. It was pointed out that the proposal was made “according to the situation {situatsiia), or according to conditions in this realm (one recalls this expression from one of Peter’s ukazes since, when it comes to all types of provincial affairs, the Russian realm is, in relation to Sweden, much larger in population and in the number of disputes. divided into twelve separate gubernii by this time, the plan called for an oberlantrikhter and landsekretar’ in each guberniia or province, that is, a total of twelve officials of each category in the larger St. Petersburg region. The total number of lantrikhtery was to be ten, each of whom was to be given jurisdiction over two towns and their surrounding districts.®-'* Only one oberlantrikhter and landsekretar’ was listed for each of the other nine gubernii (the Moskovskaia, Kievskaia, Arkhangelskaia, Rizhskaia, Smolenskaia, Azovskaia, Sibirskaia, Kazanskaia, and Nizhegorodskaia gubernii). This may have had to do with the fact that the new administrative subdivision had only been developed in detail for the St. Petersburg As for the St. Petersburg guberniia, which had been sub- ” C4 «' TsGADA, f. 248 delo 58 1. 4v. See above, p. 312. See above, p. 116. TsGADA, f. 248 delo 58 1. 314v. Ibid., 1. 315. The designations province {provintsiia) and guberniia are used interchangeably in the sources.
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