261 differentiation between a homestead and a peasant. He used both words in the same way, that is, to signify a taxable entity. It is also difficult to judge how the size of the Russian district related to Pick’s proposal, since he felt that the decisive factor for the size of the district should be the method of tax collection utilized, and we have no information as to whether any decision was reached concerning that question. In the end, then, the Russian district was larger than the eight hundred to one thousand homesteads Pick had indicated as the normal size of the Swedish härad, although we know nothing about how this subdivision of the provinces into districts was actually implemented. In comparison to the old uezd system, one can observe that two or more districts often corresponded to one of the earlier uezd units, while in many cases the district simply replaced the uezd, on a one to one basis. There were also great variations between districts when it came to the established norm of two thousand homesteads per district.’^' On the basis of the Swedish personnel budget of 1715 and the material put together by Heinrich Pick, the Senate drew up a preliminary personnel and salary budget that encompassed the twelve provinces mentioned above, as well as two others which were subordinate to the admiralteiskaia kollegiia}^- This plan, then, was intended for a total of fourteen provinces. At the administrative center of the province there was to be a voevoda, corresponding to the Swedish landshövding. At his side he was to have a provincial secretary {zemskii d’iak), assisted by a scrivener; a provincial chief accountant {zemskii kamerir), corresponding to the provincial bookkeeper in Sweden, and his scrivener; a bursar (rentmeister), with his scrivener; a provincial prosecutor {zemskii fiskal)-, a surveyor {zemskii mezhevshchik), and some messengers and minor clerks. The budget for the courts called for a provincial judge {oberlandrikhter) modeled on the Swedish lagman and five district judges {underlandrikhter), one in each district, modeled on the Swedish häradshövding. Each district, finally, was to be administered by a zemskii komissar (provincial commissary), along with various minor functionaries.^^^ The salaries, too, were based on the Swedish budget. The Swedish dsmt was converted to the grivna, which amounted to forty kopecks. Thus, the salary of 1,500 dsmt per annum for a Swedish landshövding became a 600 ruble a year salary for the Russian voevoda. Altogether, the size of the staff in the fourteen provinces was calculated to be about seven hundred, and the cost of salaries for this staff was calculated to amount 181 Bogoslovskii (19C2), 146—147. TsGADA, f. 248 delo 58 II. 328—330, 332—337v. Ibid., 1. 331. 183
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