252 Budget for the landshövding-shx^ {land gaupt" manshaft) in Sweden Provincial budget (Zemskii shtat) 1 provincial governor {landgevding” Hi landgaupt”man”) 1 provincial bookkeeper or chief accountant {landbukhgaltcr Hi kamcrir) 1 provincial secretary {zemskoi sekretär') 1 provincial bursar {zemskoi rentmeister”) 1 surveyor {land'’messer”, zemlemerets) 1 provincial prosecutor {zemskoi fiskal) 1 police constable {gevaltiger) 1 forester {kheidereiter”) Judicial officials {lustitskie sluzhiteli) 1 chief judge {lagman” Hi oberlantrikhter”) 1 district judge {kherads”khevding” Hi under”lantrikhter”), of which there are 3, 4, or 5 in each province, each of whom has at his side assessors who are peasants knowledgeable in the law Fiscal officials {Ekonomstvennye sluzhiteli) 1 district bailiff or provincial commissary {kheradsfokht Hi zemskoi kamisar) 1 district or provincial scrivener {kherads Hi zemskoi pisar'), which officials are to be found in each province according to its size On the basis of the information Pick provided in October 1718 about the Swedish local administration, the Senate approved preliminary plans for a new system of local administration for Russia on November 3, 1718. In the introduction to this Senate document it was stated that “there shall be a governor or a landsgevding in the same governmental form {pravlenie) as is established in Sweden.” With the exception of the parish administration, the Swedish pattern was copied in its entirety as it had been described by Pick. As for the lowest administrative unit in Sweden, that is, the parish, it was decided that “there shall be no parish bailiff {kirkhshpiljokht) nor anyone elected from among the peasants in the courts or in other employments, since all types of warrants {nariad) and consignments {posylka) are usually made out according to ukazes from the towns, and not from the churches; and in addition there are no clever persons among the peasants in the districts. To allow the peasants to participate in the local administration was completely unthinkable in Russia in view of their social and economic status, but the practice of having priests announce governmental decrees to their congregations, as was done in Sweden, was something else again. Peter himself made a note “that for the peasants {muzhiki) one shall make a little rule {malen’kii regul) to read it in the churches so that they shall understand {dlia vrazumleniia)." An ukaz was issued in 1720 stating that all decrees about new taxes were to be read in the 1,500 500 300 300 250 200 150 120 600 300 300 150 ” 147 ZA (no. 52), 61. ZA (no. 62), 67.
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