251 nistration, the parish, the designation tserkovnyi prikhod or kirkhshpd\^*~ In his capacity as one who was well informed about the local peasant population, the parish bailiff {sockenfogde or länsman) was to be at the service of the district judge {häradshövding) and the bailiff {häradsfogde). From among the most well-to-do peasants in the härad were to be elected, parish by parish, members of the jury of the district court {häradsrätten). “To these posts,” wrote Pick, “are elected such persons among the peasants who are clever, have a good standing {dobroe sostoianie), and are also well-to-do {pozhitochnye). The parish priest was an important link in the Swedish local administration. Among other things, he was to announce and explain to his congregation all the new laws and ordinances. By giving the parish priest this task, the king was able “to announce his pleasure to all subjects in the whole realm on one day.” In addition. Pick pointed out that the Swedish priests had succeeded so well in their moral education of the people that: the Swedish peasants have been brought to such a standing {sostoianic)., that it is hardly possible to find in all of Christendom a more honest, more splendid, more pleasant, more God-fearing, and more brave peasantry than in Sweden, and nowadays there has not been any case of a peasant stealing anything or holding up any traveler; but rather a traveler may without risk leave a whole trunk full of money and belongings outside over night and sleep in peace and quiet in his carriage; the free peasant is so zealous about his honor that he tolerates nothing from either a nobleman, swindler, or thief, but instead begins a lawsuit. In addition to this account, on October 14, 1718, Pick submitted to the Senate a list of the salaries paid to the local administrative officials in Sweden. Plis list took the following form: 143 144 146 Ibid., 11. 8v—11. Ragnar Olsson, Bondeståndet under den tidigare frihetstiden. Val, organisation och arbetssätt (Lund, 1926), 53; see, too, Emil Hildebrand, Svenska statsförfattningens historiska utveckling från äldsta tid till våra dagar (Stockholm, 1896), 286. In the parish, too, there was a committee elected by the peasants from among their peers that, under the chairmanship of the parish priest, served as the parish court. Its duty was to remove "all disorders and thus bring everything into law and order"; Ragnar Gullstrand, Bidrag till den svenska sockensjälvstyrelsens historia under 1600-talet (Stockholm, 1923), 68. For the duties and position of the häradsnämnden, or district jury, during this period, see especially Karl Gustaf Westman, "Häradsnämnd och häradsrätt under 1600-talet och början av 1700-talet,“ Humanistiska Vetenskapssamfundet i Uppsala, XXIV: 18 (Uppsala, 1927); see, too, Enoch Ingers & Sten Carlsson, Bonden i svensk historia (3 v., Stockholm, 1943—1956), I, 316—327 (on the parish court), 339 (on the häradsnämnden). TsGADA, f. 248 delo 58 1. 9. Ibid., 1. lOv. Ibid., 11. 229, 23—23v. 14»
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjYyNDk=