130 Jochimsen, had not yet been recruited, were submitted to the tsar in a report dated April 15, 1719.^®® Four of the prisoners were recommended for service in the revizion-kollegiia, Muller and Wulff as assessors, and Hoffman and Krocka as commissaries. Grobe, Meding, Röstlein, and Richert were found fit to serve as assistant bookkeepers in the kamerkollegiia or as provincial chief accountants in the local administration. One prisoner, Gabriel Straub, was recommended for service as a copyist in the iustits-kollegiia, while the four remaining prisoners were excluded from service in the colleges for various reasons. Neuman and Warchol were to be given assignments in the customs service and army, respectively, while the other two were allowed at their own request to return to their native lands. Captain Johan Delwig, from Estonia, was unable to serve because of the injuries and illnesses he had sustained during the war, and 2nd Lt. Raschau requested permission to return to his home on the Island of ösel, “since his father is eighty-five years old and the lands which belong to himcannot be cared for without him.” Altogether, then, the examination committee recommended that nine Swedish prisoners of war be given assignments in the colleges, but only five of these are to be found in actual service with those colleges: two Swedes, Hoffman as a commissary in the revizion-kollegiia,^^^ and Richert as a translator in the kamer-kollegiia; a German, Muller, as an assessor in the revizion-kollegiia’, an Ingrian, Jochimsen, as an accountant in the shtats-kontor-kollegiia; and a Livonian, Grobe, as an actuary in the kamer-kollegiia. In addition to the prisoners of war who were recruited for service in 1718, a number of former Swedish prisoners of war had entered Russian service even earlier. More will be said about these men later. The question as to why so few Swedish officers accepted Peter’s offer of positions in the Russian colleges has been touched upon above to a certain extent. There we referred to the deterrent effects of the consequences awaiting any returning Swede who had served the Russians; to enter voluntarily into the service of the enemy was branded as treason and was punishable by death. But there were other reasons for the negative attitude of the Swedish prisoners of war, as well. In September 1718, the commandant of Moscow, Izmailov, informed Peter’s private secretary, Makarov, that “nine Swedish officers have entered His Tsarist Majesty’s service in Tobolsk and other Siberian towns, as have an equal number of dragoons and soldiers, and I have been unable to recruit more in any way, since they enjoy a not inconsiderable prosperity, which they did not even enjoy in their fatherland, and none has gone to the colleges, and they do not go TsGADA, f. 248 delo 605 11. 213v—214v. TsGADA, f. 248 delo 654 1. 347. 3'® Ibid., 11. 93—116. 370
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