117 conditions were absent, the concept in question could not be applied to Russian conditions. An example of this was the Swedish land register, which was taken over lock, stock, and barrel in the Russian instructions for the central and local administrations, but which remained inoperative in view of the fact that the socio-economic and political conditions in Russia differed in many ways fromthose in Sweden.^^**’ Peter participated actively in the evolution of the regulations for the colleges. The materials Voskresenskii included in his collection of Petrine legislative acts show that the tsar often personally edited the proposals for instructions presented to him by the colleges. In its own way, the following example of Peter’s personal participation is typical. The first draft of the regulation for the kamer-kollegiia stipulated that each official who was responsible in any way for the administration of crown monies was to post a bond as security. If the official couldnot produce an acceptable bond, he was instead to “bind himself to eternal servitude” in the event he was found guilty of any irregularity. In the second edition of this regulation, Peter added the following: or with other such obligations, so that it is possible to obtain from him that which is lost. If it is impossible to obtain it from either of them (i.e., the official or his bondsman—author’s note), then they shall lose their personal and real property and be sentenced to eternal service on the galleys. 317 With the exception of the colleges of war and justice, each college was given individual operational instructions establishing its organization and its area of competence. The first collegial instrument of instruction to be adopted was the one for the shtats-kontor-kollegiia, which went into effect in February 1719.3’» In addition to these collegial instructions, a General Regulation containing a uniformsystemof administrative norms for the entire administration was issued in 1720. This document stipulated such things as hours of work, procedures for voting during the meetings of the college boards, and the tasks to be performed by the various officials. In this latter respect, the General Regulation introduced a very strict division of labor for the colleges. The General Regulation, which was one of the more extensive legislative acts of the Petrine period, remained in force throughout the eighteenth In spite of its demonstrably important role in the development 319 century. of the Russian administration, we know very little about the genesis of and Sec p. 163. ZA (no. 415), 555. ZA (no. 66), 70. lu. V. Got’e, Istoriia oblastnogo upravlcniia v Rossii ot Petra I do Ekateriny II (2 V., Moscow, 1913—1941), I, 303. :UH ;3io
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjYyNDk=