104 vidual subjects always involved a fee, and these fees were retained by the civil servants as a form of income. Indeed, the Swedish government had established special tariffs to regulate these perquisites.-®® But no steps were taken to introduce such supplemental incomes for civil servants when the Russian colleges were set up; the General Regulation merely mentioned that a special regulation concerning perquisites was to be issued by the tsar.267 This issue once again came to the fore when it became clear that, in view of critical economic developments,-®® the full and regular payment of salaries to the collegial staffs could not be guaranteed. A good illustration of this situation is provided by an ukaz issued in April 1723 to the effect that a quarter of the salaries due both military and civil officials was to be withheld.-®® Now the possibility of compensating the salary losses of the civil servants with perquisites was raised to meet the crisis. Stefan Kochius, the secretary of the kamer-kollegiia, suggested that a part of the salary budgets of the colleges should be covered by perquisites; such a system, he argued, would also improve the efficiency of the colleges, since the personnel would thereby have a vested interest in increasing the pace of work. Kochius argued that “the supplicants will obtain decisions more rapidly [and] they will gladly pay what they must pay in the chancellery, since they pay such a small amount of money during such a short period of time.” -'® Kochius did not, however, elaborate upon how this systemshould be organized. It was Heinrich Pick who outlined in detail how perquisites were used in the Swedish administration. In a report entitled “A description of the reflections of potentates, and especially the Swedish crown, upon determining the budget and expenditures,” which he presented to the Senate in December 1723, Pick described how the Swedish collegial personnel were allowed to accept perquisites from supplicants and other subjects who turned to their respective colleges in one matter or another. He pointed out that the normal work day for clerks and scribes in Sweden was only eight or nine hours long, and that if they chose to use their free time to expedite the business of various supplicants they received “from these private persons perquisites for this work according to their voluntary inclination.” At the same time, however. Pick pointed out that the colleges Karl Willgren, Finlands finansrätt (Helsinki, 1932), 346—347. ZA (no. 400), 502. See p. 106. -*® PSZ, VII, no. 4,193, p. 45; see earlier ukazes concerning the payment of salaries, too: PSZ, VII, no. 4,161, p. 21; no. 4,163, p. 22. TsGADA, f. 248 delo 58 1. 75 a. 266 267
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