86 komerts-kolcgium with jurisdiction over the manufactories, as was the case in the Swedish system. In the end, however, this responsibility was transferred to the college of mines, which was thereafter known as the college of mines and manufactories. The last college mentioned In Peter’s ukaz, the politicheskaia kolegiia, was patterned on the Swedish kanslikollegium, which was responsible for both internal and foreign affairs. In this connection is is significant that Peter’s political college was referred to as the kantseliarnoi kolegiium in the first draft of the so-called General Regulation, drawn up in December 1718.^®® Later, however, this college was ultimately named the kollegiia inostrannykh del, or college of foreign affairs, since its area of competence was limited to foreign relations. About to leave St. Petersburg for Moscow, the tsar took a number of measures in December 1717 to ensure that work on establishing the colleges would continue during his absence. In an ukaz dated December 11, 1717, Peter approved a personnel budget designed to serve as a norm for all the colleges. According to this normal budget, which was drawn up on the basis of information about the Swedish colleges provided by Heinrich Pick, each of the colleges was to have the following staff positions: Russians 1 prezident” (president) 1 vitse-prezident” (vice president, could be a Russian or a foreigner) 4 kolegii sovetniki (councillors) 4 kolegii assesory (assessors) 1 sekretär (secretary) 1 natarii (notary) 1 oktuarii (actuary) 1 registrator (registrar) 1 perevotchik” (translator) pod’iachie (clerks) divided into three categories 7.A (no. 400), 414. Miliukov wrote that “Peter’s draft shows in an interesting way that the composition of the colleges had still not been completely determined: thus a ‘politicheskaia kollegiia’ is listed and (of course from forgetfulness) the posol’skaia is left out”; Miliukov (1905), 439 note 4. Miliukov did not notice that politicheskaia kollegiia was the designation Peter used for what was to become the college of foreign affairs. The tsar apparently considered that this designation was adequate in view of the responsibilities of the Swedish kanslikollegium. Thus, the fact that he struck out posol’skaia kollegiia is perfectly understandable, since it was to be replaced by the politicheskaia kollegiia. See also Nekrasov, 340, who came to the following conclusion after comparing the structures of the Swedish and Russian collegial systems: “On careful analysis there appear substantial differences in the functions of some of the Swedish and Russian colleges: thus in Sweden there was no political college such as the one originally suggested in Peter’s plan in December 1717, nor was there a college of justice (its competence belonged to three courts of appeals); trade and manufactories were included among the responsibilities of the college of commerce, in Russia a special berg- i manufaktur-kollegiia was established, and so on.” ZA (no. 261), 216—217. 189 Foreigners 1 savetnik” or assesor 1 sekretär I shreiber (scribe) 18S 180
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